TEORI KRITIS MAZHAB FRANKFURT MENURUT: MAX HORKHEIMER DAN HERBERT MARCUSE DALAM TEORI BUDAYA

Abstract

This study aims to examine the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, particularly in relation to the history of its formation and the perspectives of several figures. Historically and genealogically, critical theory was born from the womb of Marxist theory. Although born from the womb of Marxist theory, critical theory is not very satisfied with the analysis of Marxists who are considered too mechanistic economic determinism in viewing the social reality of Western capitalist society. According to critical theory, Marxian analysis in viewing and analyzing the inequality of the reality of capitalist society in Europe is too reductionist, namely economic factors (structures) that determine socioeconomic inequality or class conflict in capitalist society. Critical theory developed by people who call themselves Neo-Maximians, which is not only based on economic factors, but also on culture. The service of critical social theory thought of the Frankfurt School pioneered by Horkheimer, however, has provided a relatively new theoretical perspective (although not too new) in viewing, understanding and analyzing social reality. This perspective of critical social theory has made a significant contribution to the development of social theory. One of these is that critical theory has contributed to the field of cultural theory.