SEJARAH PENGUMPULAN DAN PENERTIBAN AL-QUR’AN

Abstract

This study examines the historical process of compiling and standardizing the Qur’an from the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW to the era of the Khulafā’ al-Rāshidīn. Using a qualitative approach and library research method, this research explores classical and contemporary references on Qur’anic studies. The findings reveal that the compilation of the Qur’an took place in three major phases. During the Prophet’s lifetime, the Qur’an was preserved through memorization by the companions and through written records on various materials, all under the direct supervision of the Prophet. During the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, a systematic compilation was initiated following the Battle of Yamamah to prevent the loss of Qur’anic verses due to the death of many memorizers. Abu Bakr entrusted Zaid ibn Thabit with collecting the Qur’anic text into a unified manuscript. In the era of Uthman ibn Affan, standardization was carried out to unify Qur’anic recitations across expanding Islamic territories, resulting in the Uthmanic Codex which remains the standard script and reference for Qur’anic reading until today. This study concludes that the compilation of the Qur’an was conducted carefully, progressively, and through strong verification, ensuring its authenticity throughout history.