ANALISIS PENGARUH PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of supply and demand on the Indonesian economy, both in a micro and macro context. The focus of the study is directed at how changes in supply and demand affect prices, production, inflation rates, and market equilibrium. The method used is a quantitative approach with analytical descriptive methods, utilizing secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Trade, and various scientific journals. The results show that supply and demand are closely related and influence each other in shaping the economic structure. When demand increases without being matched by sufficient supply, prices increase, which impacts inflation. Conversely, when supply is abundant but demand is low, prices decrease, which hinders producer productivity. Other findings indicate that demand elasticity in the MSME sector tends to be high, indicating that consumers are highly responsive to changes in prices and income. Meanwhile, supply elasticity remains low due to constraints on capital, production capacity, and technological efficiency. This condition prevents supply from adjusting quickly to changes in market prices. Empirical data also shows that changes in supply and demand also influence macroeconomic indicators such as exports, imports, and economic growth. In the long term, the balance between supply and demand is key to maintaining national economic stability. Therefore, government policies are needed that are capable of encouraging the productivity of the real sector while managing people's purchasing power to create an efficient and sustainable market.